Level of psychological Hardiness among middle school students victims of bullying a comparative study between victims students and non-victims

Abstract

This study aimed to identify the level of psychological hardiness among middle school students and reveal the differences in the level psychological hardiness among school bulling victims according to variables of gender and grad repetition .The sample was selected using a simple random sampling method. The researcher utilized a scale designed by the author and the “Bulling Victimization Scale’ developed by Abu Ghazal(2008). Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS software (v25.0). The study concluded that middle school student possess a law. level of psychological hardiness. Furthermore, the results indicated that there are no statistically significant differences in the level of psychological hardiness between males and females, nor between ordinary students and school bulling victims, as well as repeaters.